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How convertible-note interest converts into shares

A convertible note is a loan that turns into equity — and unlike a SAFE, it accrues interest the whole time it's outstanding. When it converts, it's the principal plus that accrued interest that buys shares, not just the principal. It's a small line most founders skip, and it quietly hands the note-holder extra ownership. Here's the exact arithmetic.

The interest rule

The common convention is simple, non-compounding interest accrued from issuance to conversion:

principal + interest = principal × (1 + annual_rate × months ÷ 12)

That grown-up amount then converts at the note's cap or discount exactly like a SAFE (the investor takes whichever gives the lower price). The longer the note sits before your priced round, the more interest accrues — and the more shares it buys.

Worked example

Step one — accrue the interest:

250,000 × (1 + 0.06 × 14 ÷ 12) = 250,000 × (1 + 0.07) = 250,000 × 1.07 = $267,500 ← this is what converts, not $250,000

Step two — convert $267,500 at the $10M cap. In this round the cap price works out to ≈ $1.0579/share, so:

267,500 ÷ 1.0579 = 252,864 shares (2.24% of the post-round company)

If you'd modeled only the $250,000 principal, you'd have projected ~236,000 shares — about 17,000 shares light, roughly 0.15 of a point you handed over without noticing.

HolderSharesOwnership
Founders9,200,00081.5%
Note ($267,500 converts on cap)252,8642.24%
New round investors1,838,05716.28%
The interest looks trivial — 6% for 14 months is 7% — but it's 7% on top of the principal that converts, and it stacks with the cap. On a larger note, or one that sits for two years before you price, the interest can add half a point or more. The engine grows every note to principal-plus-interest before converting it, so the share count you see already includes it.

Notes vs SAFEs, in one line

SAFEConvertible note
Accrues interestNoYes — grows what converts
Has a maturity dateNoYes — can force conversion/repayment
Converts on cap/discountYesYes (on principal + interest)
Caveat. Some notes compound interest, cap the total interest, or accrue on a different day-count basis; maturity provisions can force conversion or repayment before your round. The engine uses the standard simple-interest convention with the age and rate you enter. Read the executed note and have counsel confirm the accrual mechanics. Not investment, legal, or tax advice.

Model your notes with interest baked in

The report grows every note to principal-plus-interest, converts it on its cap or discount, and shows the share count and point cost alongside your SAFEs.

Try the free estimate Get the report — $390

Related guides

Cap vs discount: which one applies → How a post-money SAFE converts into shares → Stacked SAFEs: why the percentages add →